ABB adds midrange robot for the 12 to 20 kg payload class

ABB Robotics introduced the IRB 2600, the latest model in its medium capacity range of multipurpose robots. This robot is compact but with an ultra-wide working range and a payload capacity up to 20 kg.  It also offers the best accuracy and speed in its class, improving productivity through increased output, faster cycle times and lower scrap rates.  It is suited for arc welding, machine tending, material handling and a variety of process applications.

The IRB 2600 is the second introduction from ABB’s fourth-generation of midrange industrial robots, a structured portfolio redesign that began with the 2009 introduction of the IRB 4600 family of robots in the 20 to 60 kg payload range.  At weights of 284 kg and 435 kg respectively for the heaviest models, the IRB 2600 and IRB 4600 are among the lightest robots available in their payload ranges.

The IRB 2600 offers:

–Flexible mounting.  It can be floor-, wall-, invert- or shelf-mounted, reducing floor space requirements and increasing access to the equipment being served. Wall-mounting is a new possibility for a robot of this size. These features enable more creative cell designs, more efficient use of available space and easier integration into existing production lines.

–Compact and lightweight:  The robot has a total arm weight of less than 300 kg and occupies less floor space than other robots in its class. This makes it easier for the arm to reach down below its own base, allowing for smaller production cells.

–Speed and improved cycle times:  The IRB 2600 is quick and can improve production cycle times by up to 25%. The high joint speeds and quick acceleration are achieved by combining new lightweight mechanical linkages and ABB’s patented second generation QuickMove™ motion control technology.

The IRB 2600 family contains three versions: two short arm variants (1.65 m) for 12 or 20 kg payloads, and a long arm variant (1.85 m) with a 12 kg payload.  With the wrist vertical, up to a 27 kg payload is achievable for pick and place packaging applications. The robot has as standard Ingress Protection (IP) 67 rating and “Foundry Plus 2,” a further protection level, is available as an option.

ABB Robotics
www.abb.com/robotics

Landcrawler Robot Wobbles But Doesn’t Fall

This funny lookin’ fella weighs just 27 pounds, has 12 legs, and can carry you around on its back if you let it.

The Land Crawler xTreme robot offers its master a ride on top of  its square platform top, provided you don’t weigh more than 175 pounds. As it ambles around, it definitely doesn’t look like the smoothest or speediest way to get around the place, but it sure has got plenty of style doing it.

Funny thing is the maker of the robot says he made the Land Crawler eXtreme as a toy for his 2-year old son because he told him that he wanted to ride on a robot. Why couldn’t we all have dads who were that handy with robotics?

technabob.com

Universal Gripper Utilizes Coffee Bean-Filled Balloon

Gripping and holding of objects are key tasks for robotic manipulators. The development of universal grippers able to pick up unfamiliar objects of widely varying shape and surface properties remains, however, challenging. Most current designs are based on the multifingered hand, but this approach introduces hardware and software complexities. These include large numbers of controllable joints, the need for force sensing if objects are to be handled securely without crushing them, and the computational overhead to decide how much stress each finger should apply and where.

Here we find a completely different approach to a universal gripper. Individual fingers are replaced by a single mass of granular material that, when pressed onto a target object, flows around it and conforms to its shape. Upon application of a vacuum the granular material contracts and hardens quickly to pinch and hold the object without requiring sensory feedback.  The volume changes less than 0.5% suffice to grip objects reliably and hold them with forces exceeding many times their weight.

The universal gripper utilizes ground coffee beans inside of a balloon.  The coffee beans offer an interlocking grain that proved better than other materials tested that ranged from sand to ground rubber tires.

The Universal Gripper uses ground coffee beans inside of a balloon

Veiw full photo gallery here

The operating principle is the ability of granular materials to transition between an unjammed, deformable state and a jammed state with solid-like rigidity. They delineate three separate mechanisms, friction, suction, and interlocking, that contribute to the gripping force. Using a simple model we relate each of them to the mechanical strength of the jammed state. This advance opens up new possibilities for the design of simple, yet highly adaptive systems that excel at fast gripping of complex objects.

Universal Gripper Demonstration

Universal Gripper Pouring Water

www.pnas.org

Clean Room, Clean Robot

The consumer electronics market is expected to generate over $165 billion in revenue within the U.S. in 2010, thanks to cell phones, laptops, digital cameras, DVRs, and MP3 players. The sensitive components such devices contain require precise handling during manufacturing. The consumer electronic supply chain with its clean room requirements is growing and clean room robotics will play a key part in this growth. Following is a quick guide to all things clean when it comes to robots.

Clean rooms are classified according to the number and size of the particles permitted per volume of air. For example, a Class 10 clean room denotes that no more than ten particles of 0.5 µm or larger and zero particles of 5.0 or larger are permitted per square foot of air. Contaminants come from people, process, facilities, and equipment. In order to control contaminants that are invisible to the human eye, the manufacturing cell and in many cases the entire room must be controlled. Robots used in this environment must meet stringent clean room certification requirements to prevent them for acting as a source of contamination.

Much of the hardware used in a clean room robot is the same as any other robot with the important exception of a combination of sealed covers to prevent particles from escaping the robot, stainless steel hardware, proper non-gassing lubricants and vacuum to evacuate any internally generated particles. Robots for clean room processes have special considerations for harnesses, . . . “which can be a serious particulate generator and a major design challenge for clean applications,” said Scott Klimczak president of CHAD Industries, a pioneer in the area of wafer and substrate handling WLP I (Wafer Level Packaging) applications.

As a matter of practice, materials prone to particle generation are substituted or coated to eliminate the potential for contamination.

Certification is done by counting the number of particles generated when the robot is in motion. For this process the industry uses particle counters that are calibrated to meet or exceed the standards set by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). In addition to NIST traceable practices, other standards of particle counter calibration include Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) B 9921, Light Scattering Automatic Particle Counter, and ASTM F 328-98, Standard Practice for Calibration of an Airborne Particle Counter Using Monodisperse Particles. Adept Technology, Inc. a leading manufacturer of clean room robots tests robots both internally and through third party testing and certification to ensure integrators and end-users deploy their equipment appropriately to meet manufacturing cleanliness requirements.

There are two accepted clean room specifications, the ISO 14644-1 spec and the Fed 209E spec.

Depending on the cell design and the robot style selected, a lower class robot may be used and still meet the overall system requirements if the system is designed appropriately. For example, for a semiconductor wafer application, if a robot can operate under the wafer with a vertical laminar flow of clean air present sweeping the particles away from the product, the ultimate requirement for the robot may be less stringent.

Installing the clean room robot requires attention to cleanliness. “Robots built for Class 1 environments are wrapped in several layers to protect them as they are shipped to the site,” said Kevin Lonie, application sales manager for Clear Automation, a Connecticut based automation integrator specializing in the design, engineering, fabrication and installation of integrated robotic and machine vision systems. “Then at the site the equipment is moved through progressively cleaner spaces as the wrapping is wiped down and finally removed before entering its ultimate clean room destination.”

Once wiped down with clean room wipes to remove any foreign particles, it is a good practice to connect the robot to the plant’s vacuum system and evacuate the robot for several hours to make sure all particles are purged completely.

www.adept.com

Iron Man Suit Becoming A Reality

Raytheon’s second-generation exoskeleton (XOS 2), essentially a wearable robotics suit, was unveiled for the first time recently during an event at the company’s Salt Lake City research facility. XOS 2 is lighter, stronger and faster than its predecessor, yet it uses 50 percent less power, and its new design makes it more resistant to the environment.

View a full photo gallery here

The wearable robotics suit is being designed to help with the many logistics challenges faced by the military both in and out of theater. Repetitive heavy lifting can lead to injuries, orthopedic injuries in particular. The XOS 2 does the lifting for its operator, reducing both strain and exertion. It also does the work faster. One operator in an exoskeleton suit can do the work of two to three soldiers. Deploying exoskeletons would allow military personnel to be reassigned to more strategic tasks. The suit is built from a combination of structures, sensors, actuators and controllers, and it is powered by high pressure hydraulics.

Representatives from Paramount Home Entertainment, including the actor Clark Gregg (aka Agent Phil Coulson of the Marvel® Movie franchise) were in attendance to capture footage of XOS 2 to include in a video that’s being produced to support the release of Iron Man® 2 on DVD and Blu ray.

www.raytheon.com

Festo Turns An Elephant’s Trunk Into A Robotic Arm

Smart engineers copy ideas. Great engineers copy nature. Festo’s Bionic Handling Assistant is a robot arm modeled on an elephant’s trunk (or Dr. Octavius if you’re a Spiderman fan), and it has all the supple flexibility of the original. Using hollow plastic chambers that change size with air pressure, the Bionic Handling Assistant can move through an incredible range of motion in three dimensions. It’s designed to provide gentle forces, and to give when pushed, making it safe for working with humans in a working environment.

The Bionic Handling Assistant was developed through Festo’s Bionic Learning Network, a coordinated group of industrial and academic research partners interested in bringing nature inspired concepts to robotics.  However, all this biology inspired innovation is really only going to be useful if we can find the right applications. Opportunities for the Bionic Handling Assistant in medicine, manufacturing, and mechanical repair are shown below.

For a better idea of how the pressurized air allows the Bionic Handling Assistant to move, here’s a more detailed animation of the robot arm:

No matter where it eventually is applied, the Bionic Handling Assistant is a good sign that engineers have a lot to work with when mimicking natural structures. With all the humanoid robots running shuffling around it’s important to remember that the primate form is only one of many successful architectures we should be copying. Robots that swim like fish, fly like insects, and form colonies like bees could all have crucial applications in the years ahead as we continue to explore the world. It will be interesting to see which animals the Festo Bionic Learning Network pursues next.

www.festo.com

Robot Snake That Can Climb Trees & Spy

From the Biorobotics Lab at Carnegie Mellon University, a snake robot (Snakebot) demonstrates how it can climb a tree and look around.

Please keep in mind that this robot climbed a specific tree with a specific trunk width about 1 meter off of the ground. The researchers working to design, build and program these robots still have much work to do to get these bots to climb taller trees of various sizes and to navigate over branches and wires.  This may be especially useful in military tactics and surveillance

www.cmu.edu

Robots and the Future – Part 2

Robotics researchers have been pushing the envelope for the last 30 years since the inception of “artificial intelligence”.  The basics of artificial intelligence programming is the modeling of human expertise and mimicking human behavior in a variety of circumstances.

One aspect of artificial intelligence gave rise to expert systems.  Complex systems like diesel locomotives are very difficult to repair because of the large number of parts operating together.  Human experience accumulated after years of working with diesel locomotives needed to be captured in order to prevent each generation from having to apprentice workers over long periods of time in order to learn how to troubleshoot these systems. So programmers in the early days of AI were employed to learn and program the diagnostic procedures developed by skilled workmen over many years.

These programs were very successful.  But in no way do they replace human intelligence and insight.  This is simply an example of subtlety in programming a specific area of human experience.  Speech recognition continues to be a challenge after decades of effort, limited to transcription applications and simple material handling instructions.

Another area that came up was large scale logistical mapping, another Expert System.  What is the most economical way to use airplanes to transport people around the US?  When you think of a large air carrier and the number of airplanes, flights, destinations and how they might be mapped together to get the best use out of the airplanes, it is a problem that is too large and complex for a single human to work with.  Enter the expert system programmer.

But in none of these cases can a computer program exceed the boundaries of it’s programming.  Can the autonomous Jeep get from it’s starting point to it’s destination?  Yes.  With many man-years of programming and a vast array of computing power, proper deployment of sensors and actuators, and a lot of stored energy.

Can the autonomous Jeep perform any other task?  No.  Regardless of the sophistication, the machine cannot exceed the boundaries of it’s programming.

Can we teach machines to learn?  So far, only in the most crude and rudimentary way.  But the course of the learning is again bounded by the programming.

And again, I will defer discussion of true intelligence or consciousness.

But what robotics can do to expand it’s usefulness is to mimic simple human tasking where it is cost effective and where the robot can “outproduce” or exceed the precision of a human.  Robotic welding, for example, has reached the point where a basic robot welding cell is less than $50,000.  So the cost of entry, the learning curve and complexity of implementing a welding robot cell in a small production facility is very reasonable.

Will robots be used in “human service” applications?  Sure.  ”Robot, vacuum my living room”  No sweat.  We can already do that with a Roomba only it doesn’t have voice recognition yet.  We have robots that can mow the grass in the front yard and avoid shrubs and trees.  Very cool.

Will we have robot servants like C3PO in Star Wars?  Hopefully more intelligent, C3PO was kind of dumb.  Simple tasks like serving a drink at a bar? Yes, that’s been done too, although it doesn’t have philosophical conversations with customers.

Will robots be able to provide basic care in hospitals and for the elderly?  Anything is possible. It will come down to how far we can push the envelope of programming, safety and return on cost.  Certainly we get robots to get a cold beer from the fridge.  But if the fridge is empty can it run out to the store and get us a six pack?

Not anytime soon.

Iranian Robot Walks, Stands On One Leg

Researchers at Tehran University, in Iran, unveiled last month an adult-sized humanoid robot called Surena 2.

The initial press reports in Iran’s official news media didn’t include many details, saying only it could “walk like a human being but at a slower pace” and perform some other tasks, and there were questions about the robot’s real capabilities.

IEEE Spectrum obtained more information about Surena, as well as images and videos showing that the robot can indeed walk — and even stand on one leg.

Aghil Yousefi-Koma, a professor of engineering at the University of Tehran who lead the Surena project, tells me that the goal is to explore “both theoretical and experimental aspects of bipedal locomotion.”

The humanoid relies on gyroscopes and accelerometers to remain in balance and move its legs, still very slowly, but Yousefi-Koma says his team is developing a “feedback control system that provides dynamic balance, yielding a much more human-like motion.”

Surena 2, which weighs in at 45 kilograms and is 1.45 meter high, has a total of 22 degrees of freedom: each leg has 6 DOF, each arm 4 DOF, and the head 2 DOF. An operator uses a remote control to make the robot walk and move its arms and head. The robot can also bow. Watch:

Surena doesn’t have the agile arms of Hubo, the powerful legs of Petman, or the charisma of Asimo — but hey, this is only the robot’s second-generation, built by a team of 20 engineers and students in less than two years. A first version of the robot, much simpler, with only 8 DOF, was demonstrated in late 2008.

Yousefi-Koma, who is director of both the Center for Advanced Vehicles (CAV) and the Advanced Dynamic and Control Systems Laboratory (ADCSL) at the University of Tehran, says another goal of the project is to “to demonstrate to students and to the public the excitement of a career in engineering.”

Next the researchers plan to develop speech and vision capabilities and improve the robot’s mobility and dexterity. They also plan to give Surena “a higher level of machine intelligence,” he says, “suitable for various industrial, medical, and household applications.”

The robot was unveiled by Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on July 3rd in Tehran as part of the country’s celebration of “Industry and Mine Day.” The robot is a joint project between the Center for Advanced Vehicles and the R&D Society of Iranian Industries and Mines.

Robots and the Future

In the field of Robotics, where is the line between between remote control, software control and autonomous control?  (No, I’m not going after the consciousness thing, it’s way too complicated)

Part of the problem may have to do with our use of the word “intelligence”.  We talk about the increasing “intelligence” of processors and particularly about the cost of “intelligent” control dropping to the point where it is suddenly economical to put a microcontroller together with a motor in order to achieve new levels of performance in either energy management or some other critical parameter.  Which opens new performance capability in robot design.

Increasingly, industrial robotics involve the use of vision systems to acquire information about the location and orientation of parts so that the robot system can interface smoothly to the “real world”.  If any of you have been to an industrial trade show and witnessed the Delta Robots making cookies, it is a very impressive sight to behold.  Incredible throughput and accuracy.  And that’s what it’s all about in industry. Higher productivity, improved product quality.

But where is the line between remote control and automatic control?  A remote manipulator for working in the nuclear industry, which was the big application that drove early robots, is a remote servo loop operating a series of servo motors and controls and powering mechanical systems, in order to do work that is dangerous to humans from a safe distance.  The DaVinci medical robot is a phenomenally improved version of the same thing.  A remote controlled robot, guided by direct haptic inputs from a surgeon, and with very sophistical tactile feedbacks, whose end effectors operate a variety of surgical instruments and actually increase the precision and speed with which doctors may perform certain procedures.

Is this a robot? Sure!

When we watch welding and painting robots making cars, we are watching decades of technology development in action.  There has been significant effort to improve the actuator hardware, and probably many man-years of software development to improve our description of the task and its safety and performance constraints in order to create not only reliable, but increasingly efficient machines to do the tasks that humans cannot compete with for productivity.  These are very sophisticated automatic applications, but certainly not autonomous.  The boundaries of the application and the programming for it are very finite.  Again, its about repetition, speed and accuracy.

And, yes, we call these robots, too.

But increasingly, there is discussion about the next frontier of robotics.  Where are the next big apps coming from?  Most of the big robotic companies in Japan and Europe are talking about personal service robots.  You can let your imagination run wild here.  Anything is possible. Certainly the service robot for NASA is interesting because it, again, follows the concept of doing tasks where it is difficult for humans to operate.

Is a Jeep that can be programmed to find a path and drive from one place to another autonomously a robot?  Yes, but we may be pushing the boundaries here just a bit.  These applications fall into the realm of Artificial Intelligence.  The programming and software languages for which were just being described for the first time about 30 years ago.  And at this point we are forced into the debate about what is intelligence.  In addition, are these systems which are capable of “learning” and what is learning exactly?  And more importantly, as all good science fiction movie watchers will ask, can a machine exceed it’s programming?  (See?  I didn’t even start on consciousness yet)

These are all serious considerations for the Future of Robotics which I will pick up further next week.

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